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GCSE examen 2008

Internationale conflicten in de twintigste eeuw

Voor elke vraag kun je 25 punten halen.

1 Events leading to the First World War

Study Sources A and B and answer all the questions which follow

Source A The Entente Cordiale

The agreements reached between Britain and France in 1904 tried to settle old arguments. France accepted the British occupation of Egypt.Arrangements were made for regular talks on naval and military matters, but it was an 'entente' or understanding, not an alliance. it did not bind either country to assist the other automatically in the event of war.

Source B Relations between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. From a Declaration which the Serbian government was forced to sign by the Austro-Hungarian Government in March 1909, after Austria-Hungary had taken over Bosnia.

Serbias accepts that the situation created in Bosnia does not take away any of the rights of serbia. Serbia promises to be on good terms with Austrai-Hungary and will prevent the formation in Serbia of any groups opposed to Austrai-Hungary.

a) What does Source a tell us about the agreement which Britain made with France in 1904? (3 marks)

b) Describe the events of the Moroccan Crises, 1905-1911. (6 marks)

c) How accurate is the view in Souce B of the attitude of the Serbian Government towards Austria-Hungary in the years, 1908-1914? Explain your answer referring to the purpose of the source, as well as using its content and your own knowledge. (6 marks)

d) Which was the more important reason for the outbreak of the First World War in 1914:

You must refer to both reasons when explaining your answer. (10 marks)10 marks)


2 Events leading to the Second World War

Study Sources C and D and then answer all the questions which follow

Source C The League of Nations and the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, 1931

When Japan invaded the Chinese province of Manchuria, the League of Nations decided to set up a Commission of Inquiry under Lord Lytton. Its report was published a year after the start of the invasion. It said that Japan had acted against international law and Manchuria should be returned to China. All the countries in the League, except Japan, accepted the report. The Japanese ignored the report and left the League.

Source D From a speech by Haile Selassie to the League of Nations , 30 January 1936. Mussolini,the ruler of Italy, had invaded Abyssinia, (Ethiopia) in September 1935.

I, Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia, am here today to claim justice for my people. Never has a people been a victim of such injustice and been abandoned to its aggressor. italian aircraft have hurled bombs of tear gas and mustard gas upon my armies. Some member countries of the League of Nations are friends with Italy. This has meant that they have not tried to take any measures to stop Italian aggression.


a) In 1919, the Treaty of Versailles took land from germany. Describe other ways in which the Treaty of Versailles punished Germany for the First World War. (3 marks)

b) What does Source C tell us about the action taken by the League of Nations when Manchuria was invaded by Japan. (6 marks)

c) How accurate is the view in Souce D of how the League of Nations dealt with the invasion of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) 1935-36? Explain your answer referring to the purpose of the source, as well as using its content and your own knowledge. (6 marks)

d) Which was the more important reason for the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939:

You must refer to both reasons when explaining your answer. (10 marks)10 marks)

3 The beginnings of the Cold War

Study Sources E and F and then answer all the questions which follow.

Source E The Yalta Conference, february 1945

At the time, the Yalta Conference was though to be a success because there were several agreements. The United Nations Organisation was to be set up. Germany and Berlin were to be divided into three zones - Russian, American and British (a French zone was included later). Free elections were to be allowed in the states of eastern Europe.

Source F The Truman Doctrine, 1947. An American cartoon showing the Truman Doctrine choking Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union.



a) What does Source E tell us about the decisions reached at Yalta in 1945? (3 marks)

b) How accurate is the view in Souce F of the Truman Doctrine? Explain your answer referring to the purpose of the source, as well as using its content and your own knowledge. (6 marks)

c) Describe the events of the Berlin Blockade and Airlift between June 1948 and May 1949. (6 marks)

d) Which was the more important reason for the development of the Cold War:

You must refer to both reasons when explaining your answer. (10 marks)

Section B

Per vraag kun je 25 punten halen.

Britain in the Second World War

Study Sources P, R, S and T and then answer all the questions which follow.

Source P The U boat threat to Britain.

The German U-Boats aimed to cut off Britain's supplies from overseas. The British protected their merchant ships by grouping them into convoys and using warships to defend them. The development of sonic techniques which could detect U-Boats underwater, was an advantage to the British. Later, radar was used to detect submarines on the surface. Aircraft were used to spot U-Boats and destroy them using depth charges.

Source R A British government poster distributed during the Second World War. 



Source S Women working in an armaments factory in the Second World War. A painting, Ruby Loftus at Work, painted in the Second World War by Dame Laura Knight, an official Government war artist. 



Source T The Evacuation from Dunkirk 1940. Written by Winston Churchill after the Second World War.

In the middle of our defeat, glory came to the united and unconquerable people of Britain. Let us remember that without the courage of the men at Dunkirk, the recreation of an army in Britain for home defence and final victory would have been almost impossible. The story of the Dunkirk beaches will shine wherever records are kept of our history.

a) What does Source P tell us about the methods used by Britain to defeat the U-Boats in the Second World War? (3 marks)

b) Why was the poster in Source R distributed in Britain during the Second World War? Use Source R and your own knowledge to answer the question. (6 marks)

c) How useful is Source S to an historian studying the work done by women in the second World War? Use Source S and your own knowledge to answer the question. (8 Marks)

d) Source T is about the importance of the evacuation from Dunkirk in Britain's victory in the Second World War. Do you agree with the interpretation of the importance of Dunkirk? Expalin your answer by referring to the purpose of the source, as well as its content and your own knowledge. (8 marks)

Bron: http://www.historyatfreeston.co.uk/fbechistorysite/exam%20papers/gcsepaper1-2008.htm

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Copyright:  Albert van der Kaap, 2012